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Many other Scientologist-run companies and organizations belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management speaks with to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another well-known WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


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This section needs expansion. You can assist by including to it. In order to assist in the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or highly regarded individuals. Scientology. Though it has actually attained some reliability as a faith in many countries, Scientology has likewise been referred to as both a cult and a commercial enterprise.


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For example, it has actually been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in an internet survey run by the governmental transition team obtaining over here public input for the incoming administration.


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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license click resources charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was produced with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on renamed the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and committed among the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or organization was totally free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive tactics in resolving those it views as trying to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper known to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could click have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.

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